Prebiotics, proposed by GR Gibsion et al. (1995), refer to "non-digestible food components that selectively stimulate the growth of one or a few bacteria in the colon. growth or activity to have a beneficial effect on the host, thereby enhancing the health of the host". Such activated bacteria should be inherently beneficial, such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.
Prebiotika jsou doplňky stravy, které mají příznivý účinek na hostitele tím, že selektivně stimulují růst a aktivitu bakterií v jedné nebo několika koloniích, čímž zlepšují zdraví hostitele. Nestravitelné složky potravy. Úspěšné prebiotikum by mělo projít horním gastrointestinálním traktem, z nichž většina není trávena, ale může být fermentována střevní flórou. Nejdůležitější je, že pouze stimuluje růst prospěšné flóry, nikoli škodlivých bakterií s potenciálně patogenní nebo hnilobnou aktivitou.
Nejzákladnější prebiotika jsou sacharidy, ale definice nevylučuje použití ne-sacharidových látek jako prebiotik: teoreticky může být jakákoli látka, která redukuje škodlivé bakterie a podporuje zdraví,-podporující bakterie nebo aktivity nazývané prebiotika.
It is generally believed that prebiotics provide "food" for probiotics. Prebiotics can be decomposed and absorbed by beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract and promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria. Prebiotics provide "food" for probiotics, which can be decomposed and absorbed by beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract, and promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria. The well-known bifidogenic factors are prebiotics that promote the growth of bifidobacteria in the intestine. 2 Both prebiotics and probiotics affect the balance of intestinal flora, but in completely different ways. The key difference is that prebiotics act on the flora that already exists in the intestine, while probiotics are externally added bacteria. Prebiotics enter the gastrointestinal tract in an undigested form and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria by lowering the pH, indirectly promoting gastrointestinal health and nutrient absorption. In the highly acidic environment of the stomach, the viability of foreign bacteria will be tested, because only the beneficial bacteria that enter the gastrointestinal tract alive can work, and some probiotic strains cannot withstand gastric acid (strong acid environment) and intestinal juice (alkaline environment) ), and prebiotics are not biological, so there is no problem with survival.
Prebiotics have only been discovered for over 30 years. In 1983, after the Japanese first discovered that functional oligosaccharides cannot be digested by the human body but can be selectively utilized by bacteria in the intestinal tract, in the same year, Meiji Pharmaceutical realized the industrialized production of functional oligosaccharides, which appeared in 1989. The first drink to contain prebiotics, and it quickly took Japan by storm. Since 1990, functional oligosaccharides such as isomaltooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides have been developed and produced in succession in China. In 1997, an annual production line of 3,000 t of liquid fructooligosaccharides with a purity of 50 percent was put into operation in Yunnan, which is the first industrially produced prebiotic product in my country. After more than ten years of development, especially marked by the launch of the public nutrition improvement prebiotic project, my country's prebiotic industry has entered a period of rapid development. On November 1, 2009, the national standard "Fructooligosaccharides" was officially implemented. This is the first national standard for prebiotic products in my country. The implementation of the standard clarified the legal status of oligofructose, standardized the production and operation of enterprises, and stimulated With the enthusiasm of upstream and downstream enterprises for production and use, prebiotic products represented by fructooligosaccharides will be more and more widely used in my country.